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.braille-word{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:inherit;max-width:100%}.notes-grid .technology-credit{margin-top:28px}
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.greeting-lesson{grid-column:1/-1;border-top:1px solid #b8c3b0;padding-top:45px;margin-top:15px;max-width:820px;width:100%;justify-self:center}.greeting-lesson h3{font:500 28px/1.6 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.04em;word-break:keep-all}.greeting-choices{display:flex;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:25px}.greeting-choice{background:transparent;border:1px solid #8c9a82;border-radius:0;padding:13px 22px;min-height:48px;cursor:pointer;font-size:16px}.greeting-choice[aria-pressed="true"]{background:var(--green);border-color:var(--green);color:white}.greeting-result{margin-top:30px;padding:28px;background:#f6f6ee;border:1px solid #c3cbb9}.greeting-result>#greeting-text{font:400 25px/1.8 var(--serif);margin-bottom:25px}.greeting-count,.greeting-note{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9;color:#53634d}.greeting-count{margin-top:25px}.greeting-note{margin-top:20px}.greeting-result .braille-dots{min-height:50px}
@media(max-width:699px){.greeting-lesson{margin-top:35px;padding-top:32px}.greeting-lesson h3{font-size:25px}.greeting-result{padding:22px}.greeting-choice{flex:1;padding:13px}.greeting-note{font-size:14px}}
@media(max-width:699px){.hero-korean{font-size:33px;padding:0 0 24px}.unicode-title{font-size:26px}.annual-messages{margin-top:32px}.annual-messages li{grid-template-columns:47px 1fr;gap:12px}.annual-messages h4{font-size:20px}.annual-intro,.annual-outlook{font-size:17px}.annual-messages li p{font-size:16px}.reported-quote{padding-left:20px}.reported-quote>p{font-size:21px}.first-message-return{margin-top:48px}.first-message-return .revealed-title{font-size:28px}.access>.access-prose{margin-top:35px}}
@media(max-width:1000px){.learning,.access{gap:35px 50px}.hero-dots .braille-cell{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,9px);grid-auto-rows:9px;gap:9px;padding:4px}.hero-dots{column-gap:4px}.hero-dots .braille-space{width:18px}}
@media(max-width:699px){.chapter-index{display:block}.chapter-index>span{max-width:none}.chapter-index nav{gap:17px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:12px}.learning,.access{display:block}.learning-prose,.access-prose{margin-top:30px}.book-prose{width:calc(100% - 48px);margin-top:34px}.access{margin-top:65px}.access-facts{margin-top:30px;gap:20px 15px}.access-facts strong{font-size:46px}.access-facts p{font-size:12px}.access-close{font-size:22px;margin-top:34px}.message-section{padding:65px 0}.message-lead{font-size:15px}.message-lead br{display:none}.message-wrap form{margin-top:28px}.message-controls{display:block}.message-controls p{max-width:none}.message-controls button{width:100%;margin-top:17px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.original-message p{font-size:23px}.braille-cell{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,7px);grid-auto-rows:7px;gap:6px 7px;padding:3px}.braille-dots{gap:15px 3px}.braille-space{width:12px}.braille-hero-title{padding:34px 0 20px}.hero-dots .braille-cell{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,6px);grid-auto-rows:6px;gap:6px;padding:2px}.hero-dots{gap:17px 2px}.hero-dots .braille-space{width:12px}.hero-korean{font-size:23px;margin-bottom:25px}.message-note{font-size:12px}}
@media(max-width:360px){.book-prose{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.hero-dots .braille-cell{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,5px);grid-auto-rows:5px;gap:5px}.hero-dots{column-gap:2px}.hero-dots .braille-space{width:10px}.message-wrap h2{font-size:28px}}
@media(max-width:699px){.prose{font-size:18px;line-height:1.95}figcaption{font-size:13px}.photo-credit{font-size:11px}.standfirst{font-size:14px}.cell-text{font-size:14px}.cell-figure figcaption{font-size:12px}}
@media print{body{background:white;color:black}.vnh-header,.vnh-overlay,.chapter-index,.read-on,.article-actions,.ves-carousel,.ves-brand{display:none!important}body.vnh-ready{padding-top:0!important}.opening{padding-top:0}.wrap{width:100%}.chapter{padding-block:35px}.structure-section{padding-block:35px}.ending{padding-block:40px}.structure-section{break-inside:avoid}figure{break-inside:avoid}a{text-decoration:none}.source-mark{display:none}}

.opening .hero-byline{margin:0 0 24px;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.8;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.02em;color:var(--muted)}

.learn-invitation{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:28px;margin-bottom:50px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px}.learn-invitation .section-label{display:block;margin-bottom:10px}.learn-invitation p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}.learn-invitation>a{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--green);padding-block:12px;white-space:nowrap}@media(max-width:699px){.learn-invitation{display:block;margin-bottom:35px}.learn-invitation>a{display:inline-block;margin-top:12px}}

/* 2026-11-02: article typography and photo pacing, GPT design review. */
.article-page .opening{padding-top:38px}
.article-page #braille-hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.14fr;gap:50px;align-items:center;padding:42px 0 24px}
.article-page .braille-hero-title{padding:0;min-width:0}
.article-page .hero-dots{gap:20px 4px}
.article-page .hero-dots .braille-cell{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,10px);grid-auto-rows:10px;gap:9px;padding:4px}
.article-page .hero-dots .braille-space{width:18px}
.article-page .hero-korean{font-size:clamp(44px,4.5vw,66px);line-height:1.4;letter-spacing:-.055em;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:760px}
.article-page .opening .hero-byline{margin:0 0 25px;padding-left:calc(46.7% + 27px)}
.article-page .opening-bottom{padding:0 0 40px;align-items:center}
.article-page .standfirst{font-size:17px;line-height:1.85;max-width:780px}
.article-page .chapter-index{margin-top:38px}
.article-page .chapter-index nav{gap:24px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.article-page .chapter-index nav a:last-child{color:var(--green);font-weight:600}
.article-page .chapter{padding-block:94px}
.article-page :where(article) h2{font-size:clamp(31px,3vw,42px);line-height:1.55}
.article-page .prose{font-size:18px;line-height:1.9;letter-spacing:-.025em}
.article-page .prose p+p{margin-top:27px}
.article-page .history{display:block;max-width:1040px}
.article-page .history>.section-heading{max-width:720px;margin-inline:auto}
.article-page .history-content{max-width:680px;margin:35px auto 0}
.article-page .date-mark{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding-bottom:24px;margin-bottom:28px}
.article-page .date-mark>span{margin:0}
.article-page .date-mark strong{font-size:62px}
.article-page .history-photo{max-width:920px;margin-top:45px}
.article-page .structure-section{padding-block:78px;background:#eeefe6}
.article-page .structure-layout{gap:30px 80px}
.article-page .cell-figure{background:transparent;border:0;border-block:1px solid #aab59f;padding-inline:18px}
.article-page .greeting-lesson{max-width:860px;margin-top:18px;padding-top:34px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1.3fr;gap:18px 35px;align-items:start}
.article-page .greeting-lesson>.section-label{grid-column:1/-1;margin:0}
.article-page .greeting-lesson h3{grid-column:1;font-size:25px}
.article-page .greeting-choices{grid-column:1;grid-row:3;display:flex;gap:8px;margin:0}
.article-page .greeting-choice{font-size:14px;padding:12px 14px}
.article-page .greeting-result{grid-column:2;grid-row:2/5;margin:0;padding:22px;border:0;border-left:1px solid #bdc6b5;background:transparent}
.article-page .greeting-result>#greeting-text{font-size:27px;margin-bottom:20px}
.article-page .greeting-count{margin-top:20px}
.article-page .greeting-note{grid-column:1;grid-row:4;margin:0}
.article-page .message-preview{grid-column:1/-1;font:400 15px/1.9 var(--sans);color:#40573f;margin-top:10px;max-width:630px}
.article-page .learning{display:block;max-width:1040px}
.article-page .learning>.section-heading{max-width:720px;margin:0 auto 32px}
.article-page .learning-prose{margin:0 auto;max-width:680px}
.article-page .document{grid-template-columns:.95fr 1.05fr;gap:65px;align-items:center}
.article-page .document-photo{justify-self:end}
.article-page .document-pause{padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.article-page .book{padding-top:12px;padding-bottom:0}
.article-page .book-heading{padding-bottom:35px}
.article-page .book-heading>p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.9}
.article-page .book-prose{margin-top:48px}
.article-page .access{display:block;max-width:1040px;margin-top:90px;padding-top:64px}
.article-page .access>.section-heading{margin-bottom:40px}
.article-page .annual-messages h3{font-size:14px;letter-spacing:.025em}
.article-page .annual-intro{font-size:18px;line-height:1.85;max-width:680px}
.article-page .annual-messages ol{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 42px;margin-block:28px}
.article-page .annual-messages li{display:block;padding:28px 0}
.article-page .annual-messages time{display:block;font-size:34px;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:16px}
.article-page .annual-messages h4{font-size:23px;line-height:1.65;margin-bottom:14px}
.article-page .annual-messages li p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.9}
.article-page .annual-outlook{max-width:720px;font-size:17px;line-height:1.9}
.article-page .reported-message{margin:32px 0 42px;padding:26px 0 26px 28px;border-left:2px solid #7c9275;max-width:760px}
.article-page .reported-message .section-label{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:14px}
.article-page .reported-message>p{font-size:17px;line-height:1.95}
.article-page .report-source{font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin-top:15px}
.article-page .access-prose{max-width:720px;margin-top:45px;padding-top:30px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.article-page .access-facts{max-width:850px;margin-top:30px;border-top:0;padding-top:0;gap:20px 50px}
.article-page .access-facts>div{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:20px}
.article-page .access-facts strong{font-size:72px;line-height:1.4}
.article-page .access-close{max-width:720px;font-size:25px;margin-top:36px}
.article-page .message-section{background:#193f37;color:#f5f2eb;border:0;padding-block:85px}
.article-page .message-wrap{max-width:860px}
.article-page .message-wrap .section-label{color:#c8ddc3}
.article-page .message-wrap h2{font-size:clamp(29px,3.5vw,45px);line-height:1.6}
.article-page .message-lead{font-size:17px;line-height:1.9;color:#e2e9db;margin-top:22px}
.article-page .message-wrap textarea{background:#faf9f3;border:0;padding:24px;min-height:150px;color:#20241f}
.article-page .message-wrap textarea:focus-visible{outline-color:#d1e7c8}
.article-page .message-controls p{color:#d5dfcf;font-size:13px}
.article-page .message-controls button{background:#f5f2eb;color:#193f37;border-color:#f5f2eb;font-weight:600}
.article-page .message-wrap button:focus-visible{outline-color:#f5f2eb}
.article-page .message-status{color:#d6e9cb}
.article-page .message-result{border-color:#779488}
.article-page .message-result h3{color:#c8ddc3}
.article-page .message-note{color:#d5dfcf;font-size:13px}
.article-page .message-result .braille-cell i{background:#637e70}
.article-page .message-result .braille-cell i.raised{background:#f5f2eb;box-shadow:none}
.article-page .ending{padding-block:105px 70px}
.article-page .first-message-return{margin-top:48px}
@media(max-width:899px){.article-page #braille-hero{display:block;padding:32px 0 20px}.article-page .braille-hero-title{margin-bottom:25px}.article-page .opening .hero-byline{padding-left:0}.article-page .hero-dots .braille-cell{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,8px);grid-auto-rows:8px;gap:8px}.article-page .hero-korean{font-size:44px}.article-page .structure-layout{gap:30px}.article-page .document{gap:35px}}
@media(max-width:699px){.article-page .opening{padding-top:28px}.article-page #braille-hero{padding:28px 0 15px}.article-page .braille-hero-title{margin-bottom:23px}.article-page .hero-dots .braille-cell{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,6px);grid-auto-rows:6px;gap:6px;padding:2px}.article-page .hero-dots{gap:15px 2px}.article-page .hero-dots .braille-space{width:12px}.article-page .hero-korean{font-size:clamp(31px,8.2vw,36px);line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:-.055em;margin:0;padding:0}.article-page .opening .hero-byline{margin-bottom:22px;font-size:12px}.article-page .standfirst{font-size:15px;line-height:1.85}.article-page .opening-bottom{padding-bottom:29px}.article-page .chapter-index{margin-top:28px}.article-page .chapter-index nav{gap:15px 19px}.article-page .chapter{padding-block:64px}.article-page :where(article) h2{font-size:29px;line-height:1.65}.article-page .prose{font-size:18px;line-height:1.9}.article-page .history-content{margin-top:28px}.article-page .date-mark{display:block}.article-page .date-mark>span{margin-bottom:10px}.article-page .date-mark strong{font-size:49px}.article-page .history-photo{margin-top:30px}.article-page .structure-section{padding-block:56px}.article-page .cell-figure{margin-top:30px}.article-page .greeting-lesson{display:block;padding-top:28px;margin-top:30px}.article-page .greeting-lesson>.section-label{margin-bottom:15px}.article-page .greeting-lesson h3{font-size:25px}.article-page .greeting-choices{margin-top:20px}.article-page .greeting-choice{font-size:15px}.article-page .greeting-result{margin-top:22px;border:0;border-top:1px solid #bdc6b5;padding:23px 0 0}.article-page .greeting-result>#greeting-text{font-size:26px}.article-page .greeting-note{margin-top:22px;font-size:14px}.article-page .message-preview{margin-top:22px;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid #bdc6b5;font-size:15px}.article-page .learning>.section-heading{margin-bottom:28px}.article-page .document{display:block}.article-page .document-photo{margin-top:32px}.article-page .book{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:0}.article-page .book-heading>p{font-size:16px}.article-page .book-prose{margin-top:34px}.article-page .access{padding-top:40px;margin-top:65px}.article-page .access>.section-heading{margin-bottom:30px}.article-page .annual-intro{font-size:18px}.article-page .annual-messages ol{display:block}.article-page .annual-messages li{padding-block:24px}.article-page .annual-messages time{font-size:30px;margin-bottom:12px}.article-page .annual-messages h4{font-size:23px}.article-page .annual-messages li p{font-size:17px}.article-page .annual-outlook{font-size:17px}.article-page .reported-message{padding-left:20px;margin-block:28px}.article-page .reported-message>p{font-size:17px}.article-page .access-prose{margin-top:30px;padding-top:26px}.article-page .access-facts{gap:20px}.article-page .access-facts strong{font-size:51px}.article-page .access-facts p{font-size:13px}.article-page .access-close{font-size:23px}.article-page .message-section{padding-block:60px}.article-page .message-wrap h2{font-size:29px;line-height:1.65}.article-page .message-lead{font-size:16px}.article-page .message-wrap textarea{padding:20px}.article-page .ending{padding-block:75px 58px}}
@media(max-width:360px){.article-page .hero-dots .braille-cell{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,5px);grid-auto-rows:5px;gap:5px}.article-page .hero-korean{font-size:31px}.article-page :where(article) h2{font-size:27px}.article-page .message-wrap h2{font-size:27px}.article-page .access-facts strong{font-size:47px}}
@media print{.article-page .message-section{background:white;color:black}.article-page .message-section p,.article-page .message-section h2,.article-page .message-section h3,.article-page .message-section .section-label{color:black}.article-page #braille-hero{display:block}.article-page .opening .hero-byline{padding:0}}

/* Annual themes: a short rule marks time without imitating braille. */
.article-page .annual-messages time{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px}
.article-page .annual-messages time::before{content:"";display:block;width:23px;height:1px;background:var(--green);flex:none}

/* Keep source-link arrow inline after adding screen-reader new-tab labels. */
.article-page .notes-grid li a>span[aria-hidden="true"]{display:inline}

.first-message-return .ending-dots{justify-content:center;margin-bottom:24px}

.writing-note{grid-column:1/-1;max-width:680px;justify-self:end;font-size:15px;line-height:1.9;color:#40573f;margin-top:8px}
@media(max-width:699px){.writing-note{margin-top:22px;font-size:15px}}

/* Counted blank cells in the greeting example; hero and free-input spacing stays unchanged. */
.greeting-result{--greeting-cell-width:32px;--greeting-cell-height:46px}.greeting-result .greeting-blank{width:var(--greeting-cell-width);height:var(--greeting-cell-height);border:1px dashed #89947e;flex:none}@media(max-width:699px){.greeting-result{--greeting-cell-width:27px;--greeting-cell-height:39px}}